Research Paper（課題）

１　Research Paperについて

課題：自分の興味のあることについて調査して、そのことについてリサーチ・ペーパーを書く。

　　　語数：約1,000語
　　　提出日：１月２２日（金）
　　　締め切り：　５時（７号館３階英語準備室）
　　　
　　　評価のポイント：形式、内容、英語　

構造

Title
Abstract
Introduction (Background)
Method(s)
Result(s)
Discussion
Conclusion

２ タイトルとアブストラクの特徴（復習）

Body mass index and health related quality of life in elementary school children: a pilot study

特徴：名詞表現、冠詞の省略、前置詞の多用など

Abstract

Background（研究の背景となる知識、経緯、研究の目的など）

We investigated the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) indicated by baseline health status in elementary school children.

特徴　過去形 (we investigated ...) 略語の提示 (BMI, HRQOL)

Methods（研究をどのように実施したか方法の説明）

Data were obtained via parents whose children enrolled in an elementary school, kindergarten to fourth grade, in southern Mississippi in spring 2004. Parents completed the SF-10 for Children™, a brief 10-item questionnaire designed to measure children's HRQOL on a voluntary basis.

特徴： 受動態、過去形 (were obtained ..., enrolled, completed)
同格表現 (in an elementary school, kindergarten to fourth grade) (the SF-10 for Children™, a brief 10-item questionnaire)

Results（研究の結果、事実：グラフ、表、数値、統計など）

A total of 279 parents completed the questionnaires for their children. On average, physical and psychosocial summary scores, major indicators for HRQOL, were significantly higher among the elementary school children in our study relative to those from U.S. children overall (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). Males tended to have better physical functioning than their female classmates, whereas females had better psychosocial health. Overall, except for third graders, the physical summary scores increased as grade level increased. The means for psychosocial score fluctuated without a clear pattern over the five grade levels. High level of BMI was significantly associated with children's physical summary scores below 50, a norm used for U.S. children (p = 0.003). Gender and grade were not significant predictors of children's physical and psychosocial scores.

特徴：過去形 (completed, were significantly higher, tended to have, increased, fluctuated, was significantly associated with)
数値的表現　(A total of, On average, summary scores, major indicators, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively, significantly, below 50)

Discussion（考察：上記の結果についての補足、理由、予測、可能性など）

This study can be used as baseline information to track changes over time, in BMI and health status among the elementary school children. In addition, this study can be used to investigate relationships between BMI, health status, intellectual ability, and performance in school.

特徴：助動詞 (can be used)

Conclusion（結論：まとめ）

The findings suggest that programs designed to encourage children to lose weight in a healthy manner, thus reducing their BMI, could improve the physical and psychosocial health, and subsequently increase HRQOL.

特徴：現在形 (suggest)、助動詞 (could) The findings suggest that ..., could improve ...


全体的な特徴：的確に必要なことだけを述べる。単純な文構造、ある程度決まった接続語句の使用 ( in addition, thus, subsequently)

＊こうしなければいけないというルールはないが、ある程度その分野によって表現などにある傾向がある。論文を読みながら自分で特徴を少しずつ発見することが大切。


３実際の論文の特徴を考えよう

Background (Introduction)

Health is a concept that is broader than simply the absence of disease, but encompasses physical, social, mental, and emotional well-being. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a notion that attempts to merge all aspects of overall quality of life related to general health. These life circumstances have been identified as both physical and mental [1]. Indices of HRQOL represent physical and mental perceptions, and health risks, functional status, and socioeconomic status. At the population level HRQOL measures conditions and resources that affect the perceptions of health and functional status. In this context, HRQOL can be seen as an expansion to the concept of health which then allows for encompassing the physical and mental needs in a population [2].

　Body mass index and health related quality of life in elementary school children: a pilot study