Research Paper（課題）

１　Research Paperについて

課題：自分の興味のあることについて調査して、そのことについてリサーチ・ペーパーを書く。

　　　語数：約1,000語
　　　提出日：１月２２日（金）
　　　締め切り：　５時（７号館３階英語準備室）
　　　
　　　評価のポイント：形式、内容、英語　

構造

Title
Abstract
Introduction (Background)
Method(s)
Result(s)
Discussion
Conclusion

２ タイトルとアブストラクの特徴（復習）

Body mass index and health related quality of life in elementary school children: a pilot study

特徴：名詞表現、冠詞の省略、前置詞の多用など

Abstract

Background（研究の背景となる知識、経緯、研究の目的など）

We investigated the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) indicated by baseline health status in elementary school children.

特徴　過去形 (we investigated ...) 略語の提示 (BMI, HRQOL)

Methods（研究をどのように実施したか方法の説明）

Data were obtained via parents whose children enrolled in an elementary school, kindergarten to fourth grade, in southern Mississippi in spring 2004. Parents completed the SF-10 for Children™, a brief 10-item questionnaire designed to measure children's HRQOL on a voluntary basis.

特徴： 受動態、過去形 (were obtained ..., enrolled, completed)
同格表現 (in an elementary school, kindergarten to fourth grade) (the SF-10 for Children™, a brief 10-item questionnaire)

Results（研究の結果、事実：グラフ、表、数値、統計など）

A total of 279 parents completed the questionnaires for their children. On average, physical and psychosocial summary scores, major indicators for HRQOL, were significantly higher among the elementary school children in our study relative to those from U.S. children overall (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). Males tended to have better physical functioning than their female classmates, whereas females had better psychosocial health. Overall, except for third graders, the physical summary scores increased as grade level increased. The means for psychosocial score fluctuated without a clear pattern over the five grade levels. High level of BMI was significantly associated with children's physical summary scores below 50, a norm used for U.S. children (p = 0.003). Gender and grade were not significant predictors of children's physical and psychosocial scores.

特徴：過去形 (completed, were significantly higher, tended to have, increased, fluctuated, was significantly associated with)
数値的表現　(A total of, On average, summary scores, major indicators, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively, significantly, below 50)

Discussion（考察：上記の結果についての補足、理由、予測、可能性など）

This study can be used as baseline information to track changes over time, in BMI and health status among the elementary school children. In addition, this study can be used to investigate relationships between BMI, health status, intellectual ability, and performance in school.

特徴：助動詞 (can be used)

Conclusion（結論：まとめ）

The findings suggest that programs designed to encourage children to lose weight in a healthy manner, thus reducing their BMI, could improve the physical and psychosocial health, and subsequently increase HRQOL.

特徴：現在形 (suggest)、助動詞 (could) The findings suggest that ..., could improve ...


全体的な特徴：的確に必要なことだけを述べる。単純な文構造、ある程度決まった接続語句の使用 ( in addition, thus, subsequently)

＊こうしなければいけないというルールはないが、ある程度その分野によって表現などにある傾向がある。論文を読みながら自分で特徴を少しずつ発見することが大切。


３実際の論文の特徴を考えよう

Background (Introduction)

Health is a concept that is broader than simply the absence of disease, but encompasses physical, social, mental, and emotional well-being. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a notion that attempts to merge all aspects of overall quality of life related to general health. These life circumstances have been identified as both physical and mental [1]. Indices of HRQOL represent physical and mental perceptions, and health risks, functional status, and socioeconomic status. At the population level HRQOL measures conditions and resources that affect the perceptions of health and functional status. In this context, HRQOL can be seen as an expansion to the concept of health which then allows for encompassing the physical and mental needs in a population [2].

　Body mass index and health related quality of life in elementary school children: a pilot study

writing 14

１０月２３日 26 organ transplant presentation

OrganDonor.Gov

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN)

１０月３０日 essay 2 提出　５時締め切り（今回提出されたものは返却しません。）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　（タイプで打って提出してください。）

授業中、相談可。

２学期の目標

原稿なしに英語で話させる
英語のエッセイがうまく書ける

評価目安：　スピーチ　　２０点
　　　　　　チャット　　２０点
　　　　　　エッセイ１　３０点
　　　　　　エッセイ２　３０点＋α

writing 13

２学期後半の内容

１０月１６日 26 organ transplant presentation
１０月２３日 26 organ transplant presentation
１０月３０日 essay 2

２学期の目標

原稿なしに英語で話させる
英語のエッセイがうまく書ける

・書式（タイプ、形式など）
・タイトル
・essay構成(Introduction, body, conclusion)
・thesis statement
・paragraph構成(topic sentence)

英文を書くときのポイント：
・主題（thesis statement）明確にする（一つのことを述べる）
・主題を先に述べる
・主題について、具体例、理由、詳細、背景などをその後にわかりやすく説明する
・さいごに、主題について再度言及する（結論）

例
College is a place that the students can learn more and new knowledge and experience in it. Of course, different people have different reason to study in college. For example, some people want to be to go on a further study after they graduate from the college; some people hope to find a good job after their studying in the college and also some people wish to exchange their present situation through studying in the college. In my opinion, no matter what reason people study in the college for, studying in the college is just a preparation for their future' life.

Students can learn new knowledge and experiences from the studying in the college. There are many teachers, professors with abundant teaching experience who teach students lots of new knowledge and help them to solve the problems in their study. With their help, student can learn a lot of useful basic and professional knowledge which is very helpful for their future' work. And study. After they finish their study in the college, students go to work in the society and contribute to the different fields.



Students can learn how to arrange their own time reasonably. Before their studying in college, their life often arranged by their parents and their study often arranged by their teachers.
 It is very different for them to live and study in college, because students studying in college have to arrange their life and study by themselves. They have right to arrange their part time, such as when to get up, when is the sport-time, when to finish the assignment etc. This is very important experience for students' work and life in the future.

Studying in the college make students having opportunity to live with other student and learn how to cooperate with other people. Usually, people often have uncomfortable feeling to live with a stranger, because they do not know each other and perhaps their habit and personality are different. But for the long run, it is good for them. They have to cooperate with each other and solve a lot of problems they will face together.

Gradually, they can learn how to care and understand other people. It is a preparation for students to go to cooperate with other people in the society. All in all, students not only can learn lots of new knowledge from the books but also can learn much more necessary experience such as how to arrange time and how to cooperate with other people. It is very important for their future' wok and life.


下記のチャットルームに授業前に投稿しておく。

SMS English Chat Room

ID: smu
PASSWORD: moroyama

Writing 12

Anesthesia Information for Patients

Anesthesiology


１０月９日（金） essay 1　提出　Radiology や　Anesthesia　を題材として　400語程度

授業中には質問を受けつける。必ず誰かに読んでもらう。

提出期限： １０月９日（金）　午後５時締め切り（厳守）
提出場所： ７号館３階　英語準備室
提出様式：　A4 用紙にタイプで
　　　　　　表紙にTitleをつけて番号と名前を明記
　　　　　　読んでくれた人の名前を書いておく
　　　　　　２枚目から書き出し、パラグラフを分ける
語数： 400語程度
構成(essay structure):

Introduction
主題（thesis statement）を明確にする（一つのことを述べる)

Body
主題について、具体例、理由、詳細、背景などをわかりやすく説明する

Conclusion
さいごに、主題を言い換えて述べる　

writing 11

Radiology

Chorus Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology

Radiology Education. com

What in radiology are you interested in?
How much do you know about radiology?
Do you want to be a radiologist?

Please speak about radiology in your presentation. Do not read or describe radiology. I hope you talk about something about radiology from your own knowledge and experience.

writing 10

英語２について

Writing

１学期のessayについて

・書式（タイプ、形式など）
・タイトル
・essay構成(Introduction, body, conclusion)
・thesis statement
・paragraph構成(topic sentence)

授業では、ノートパソコンを用意するようにしてください。
来週までの宿題：下記のチャットルームに９月１１日前に投稿しておく。

SMS English Chat Room

ID: smu
PASSWORD: moroyama

２学期の内容

　９月１日　　　復習と予定　(tumors, stroke, developmental disorders)
　９月１１日　　24 radiology
　９月１８日 24 radiology presentation
　９月２５日 25 anesthesia presentation
１０月２日 25 anesthesia presentation
１０月９日 essay 1 presentation
１０月１６日 26 organ transplant presentation
１０月２３日 26 organ transplant presentation
１０月３０日 essay 2

２学期の目標

原稿なしに英語で話させる
英語のエッセイがうまく書ける

Writing 9

Essay Writing（課題３）

医療に関連した話題（「医者たまご」で扱った内容：腫瘍、脳卒中、発達障害に関連して）であればどの話題でもけっこうです。３００語以上でエッセイを書く。ただ事実を書いたり、病気などを説明するものはいけません。自分の考えをきちんと主題として示し、まとめなさい。評価のポイントは、内容、構成、英語の順です。


提出期限： ６月３０日（火）　
午後５時締め切り（厳守）
提出場所： ７号館３階　英語準備室
提出様式：　A4 用紙にタイプで
　　　　　　表紙にTitleをつけて番号と名前を明記
　　　　　　２枚目から書き出し、パラグラフを分ける
語数： 300語以上
　　　（語数が大幅に満たない場合、評価対象外）
　　　　　　

構成(essay structure)

Introduction
主題（thesis statement）を明確にする（一つのことを述べる)

Body
主題について、具体例、理由、詳細、背景などをわかりやすく説明する

Conclusion
さいごに、主題を言い換えて述べる

評価(evaluation)

授業活動（出席とコメント）　　50点
スピーチ　 　　 10点
課題１　　　　　　　　　　　　10点
課題2 　　　 10点
課題3 　　　 20点＋α